What does dysthymia refer to?

Dysthymia refers to a chronic state of low mood, characterized by a persistent feeling of sadness or depression. This condition can affect a person's ability to function and enjoy life, often lasting for years, though it is typically less severe than major depressive disorder. It manifests through symptoms such as low energy, poor self-esteem, and difficulty concentrating.

The other options pertain to different medical conditions or emotional states. An elevated heart rate and abnormal heart rhythm are related to cardiovascular health, while a feeling of euphoria indicates an excessively positive mood or emotional state, contrasting significantly with the low mood associated with dysthymia. Therefore, understanding dysthymia is crucial for recognizing and addressing mental health issues effectively.