What is the primary cause of septic shock?

Septic shock is primarily caused by a severe infection, which leads to a systemic inflammatory response that can result in dangerously low blood pressure and organ dysfunction. In septic shock, pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi invade the body and trigger an overwhelming immune response. This response can cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to a drop in blood pressure and inadequate blood flow to organs.

This process differs significantly from severe dehydration, trauma, or allergic reactions, as those conditions do not primarily stem from an infectious process. Severe dehydration involves a significant loss of fluids from the body, which can lead to shock but is not classified as septic shock. Trauma refers to physical injury, which can also lead to shock but not specifically due to an infectious agent. An allergic reaction can cause anaphylactic shock but is unrelated to sepsis.

Understanding septic shock as a consequence of severe infection helps in recognizing its symptoms and initiating timely medical intervention. Identifying the infection and providing appropriate treatment, such as antibiotics and fluid resuscitation, is crucial in management to improve patient outcomes.