What occurs during inhalation in the respiratory process?

During inhalation, the thoracic cavity expands and creates negative pressure, which is essential for drawing air into the lungs. Specifically, when the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, and the intercostal muscles also help by raising the rib cage. As these muscles contract, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. According to the principles of gas dynamics, this expansion lowers the pressure within the thoracic cavity relative to the outside atmospheric pressure, leading to a flow of air into the lungs.

This process is crucial for effective breathing, as it allows oxygen-rich air to enter the alveoli, where gas exchange occurs. The creation of negative pressure is a vital aspect of the inhalation process, enabling efficient respiration and oxygen delivery to the bloodstream.