What physical sign may indicate a tension pneumothorax?

A tension pneumothorax occurs when air becomes trapped in the pleural space, leading to increased pressure that collapses the lung on the affected side and can compress the great vessels, impacting cardiovascular function. One of the hallmark physical signs of a tension pneumothorax is distended neck veins.

This distension happens because the increased intrathoracic pressure limits venous return to the heart, causing blood to pool in the thoracic veins and leading to visible swelling in the neck veins. The obstruction of blood flow back to the heart contributes to an impaired circulatory system, which can also lead to symptoms such as hypotension and potential shock.

Other options like elevated blood pressure, pale skin, and rapid heart rate may indicate other conditions or stress responses but do not specifically signal the presence of a tension pneumothorax in the same clear manner as distended neck veins do. Understanding these primary signs and symptoms is critical for early identification and prompt management of life-threatening conditions like tension pneumothorax.