What type of breathing pattern is associated with DKA?

Kussmaul respirations are a specific breathing pattern characterized by deep, labored breaths and are often associated with metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). This respiratory pattern develops as the body attempts to compensate for the increased levels of acid in the blood due to the buildup of ketones and decreased insulin levels in patients with DKA.

In this context, the deep breathing helps to expel carbon dioxide, a component of the body's acid-base balance, thereby helping to restore pH levels. The rapid and deep nature of Kussmaul respirations indicates the body’s effort to eliminate acidosis, making it a distinctive respiratory response in this condition.

Other breathing patterns mentioned in the options do not align with the physiological response seen in DKA. Rapid shallow breathing is usually associated with different types of respiratory distress, while slow and deep breathing does not correlate with the body's urge to correct acidosis. A normal respiratory rhythm would indicate no distress or compensatory action, which is not the case in patients experiencing DKA. Hence, Kussmaul respirations are the hallmark of this condition.